Authors: Agnar Aamodt, Mads Nygard
Tags: 1995, conceptual modeling
The unclear distinction between data, information, and knowledge has impaired their combination and utilization for the development of integrated systems. There is need for a unified definitional model of data, information, and knowledge based on their roles in computational and cognitive information processing. An attempt to clarify these basic notions is made, and a conceptual framework for integration is suggested by focusing on their different roles and frames of reference within a decision-making process. On this basis, ways of integrating the functionalities of databases, information systems and knowledge-based systems are discussed by taking a knowledge level perspective to the analysis and modeling of systems behaviour. Motivated by recent work in the area of case-based reasoning related to decision support systems, it is further shown that a specific problem solving episode, or case, may be viewed as data, information, or knowledge, depending on its role in decision making and learning from experience. An outline of a case-based system architecture is presented, and used to show that a focus on the retaining and reuse of past cases facilitates a gradual and evolutionary transition from an information system to a knowledgebased system.
Read the full paper here: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271546/1-s2.0-S0169023X00X00092/1-s2.0-0169023X9500017M/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCDsBgxFsyvKRii4hTwGPsHFqMHk%2FzB5CFnTClEwCO0OQIhAPSsUjVwUcS2yPVJFETZ74NLL3EPgSeWMwDB3KTG9KSGKr0DCK3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAxoMMDU5MDAzNTQ2ODY1IgyK6FDqprkwPHueZIkqkQN5W8qN1vrgQ%2F3d8gQlz3kIVugbvRStpcHpbQJDexwD8GDPcF2Odzp60OI80GOv8h6H7Np0K1a9sgSndOArzGEHSLJo3yHZdKJMKxOifOE82auekaj6DI7qTM6X9eAc5oxum4Z3BmZuiF%2FJdMRoss%2B9poWQZwa6KqduWT9JkNQpK2%2F93J7pFH4wCH%2BuW5AE%2BLgYizyls6CwT8kGOhCquaFo72%2F4zJKzF5xWms%2BXNCnDBbnfz4kNw1uM1OyALLVchFSuZxl3qn%2FiN7zo2VBiX8d9ekmiWv5%2FOKW2xIPkWECkaubwU%2ByqPauehW1PXqZwGoLWtfWonSnmLhNMu6qmQj8bSkE2YRHRKRy%2FLUum1GnPPaNXtRSpeqauGN92cQwHB5ytvjWUish4Npctwl41lzv12jjI%2BgcqZZBQGRptXo4tin0eOhEz1VUZ7JvXaRb8BmB5T5HyWY1OP4EaPoRI9kzzpbMlbgHlUTmh2NoyMLFOms%2FwNsOJbMDGwcAUyuBBhSPG%2FLtx1M4t9RCdt7SVRqOKrjC9z677BTrqAdAP6RkPr%2FMaBaUWL%2F%2FgTggPqV7HJv%2FJ6YXhnMml%2FQB57IgBes%2BDWIsgVnD3JpbFm1RkcdQePegAIMrRLGfqHgwSSTqpKYix7xcFO%2FlJ65jWykmYJQZBWo2VcvRxsHISoXqEPyIRK9I3e%2F8yQGK%2B58XrqnGouWMzjgXa2J5GTIg8bW4vi1GtCPIN2orawC9jv4Gn0vb70DSj0yBAmIy6diFo76S%2BV41VCbpvUf8FTk1UJTxbt8ntt5Mn2U1zzoACWWLDHp54iUVrKXVE47Ht6eIuJ5IlpGm3MpsA0K0Fq%2FKFr7m6kSZmzk0ACg%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200923T210127Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYWYL4K56N%2F20200923%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=0c85862a9485e2fd1daef4f79c5550dddfbd695ab2fbffc13be3c3478dad1ec2&hash=7a6b8ddaba1f9bbb47fef7640a2ef0916295410721d76c9a5367d45b70590119&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=0169023X9500017M&tid=spdf-4a13c2a1-3f44-46b5-93fd-1d573a2180e2&sid=d0ad95808183394bbb3a7bf200e1264708cfgxrqa&type=client
