Authors: Ashok Malhotra, Gary H. Sockut, Kyu-Young Whang, Luanne M. Burns
Tags: 1993, conceptual modeling
GRAQULA is a graphical language for querying and updating a database. One version of GRAQULA provides a user interface for the entity-relationship data model, and another version (with almost identical syntax) provides a user interface for the relational model. Each version is relationally complete, and each depicts relationships (or expected joins) graphically. GRAQULA provides logical operations (e.g. negation) on graphical objects; these operations have user-specified scopes, allow nesting, and can involve existential or universal quantification. Aggregates (e.g. average) also have user-specified scopes. Queries can invoke other queries, and users and queries can pass parameters to queries. The design reflects a specified set of goals, including expressive power, consistency, and limitation of required memorization.
Read the full paper here: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271546/1-s2.0-S0169023X00X01012/1-s2.0-0169023X93900049/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIDKSENH3hMJQfqnHtz%2BM48fKgkhIeQXx2UE4He1epKnTAiEAo7brA4x%2BxSmDxw9WXmfzGRSne8FObdWHGX4KMwezFAEqvQMI9f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDISk4hElx5RB7aKNtyqRA0Pi6n8wPtNsF1P%2FNUoUxJSRSnwMx4KgsX5eagYp8Sag22Eky%2F7lAVuBSz1ghTc9fZWB0pqIhOCSDjMIaj%2BiG03VTghMKkrd3IiHNAT6JMdfDi%2FusPZkvTWeubKmsudvZqPvRqG5GLMFY0A%2FATpnik0WpB6UgDcRJZ7YoVEhEicXoJNJGr2WuP63g8tnCStSkahHtamWbsQDAQ8iLPVKXEOReCfrNVWlY2bDtcoASd4AmXFp1vjZfKW%2FKyy6QXywTbDcA0UJUKKTmBKpHjpfngy3UrGzp6vJruCGwZ%2BwKiTFNvzLDjgTCA0dD0ks0CRIEsMU6hGBqDlXFUMlofbOmr7RGpBxtzdZtWjB%2B0KPnZ2KmnUtPssMM%2FIxM8XzdTU87dDXB05NBGEsCXepa9Bu3WCegSVlp67r8pkDFZWmopLJlWUMHa5z%2BNHR0wfLO0gvZA9HPUO7OQ0Fm2LzbS7tJ1HKwI4iCzKIZTAx4F%2FbPD7eH3igQdxryjLowPUm9KWPbkqmEIe%2F4p8Qi%2FQaw9Y8d1sqMOqL8%2FsFOusBFCi%2Fs5hDSi9iZRAqwlXhjpY%2BgPXuhYBD3xmPjmAHsVVgg%2FD3LJCUB9h912ntkcr8d1oo120w8Xwqos098oMH%2FzEbwocFYclT%2B%2FOZTE%2BzPUfHO%2By4bJxeV5p%2BUfUsCJUrtZlBetuDK8HbBhfJmwPEHq9qdTPPzBAHnZrnhia5H80zd8r1ymFgBxKbBj%2B3Em9cebLjoQDuQbEfHL4nss4YFcpTb%2FXtZyYKIkDwM9qilMl%2BbpdSehLgOoLl4PXKkbIS9S7Va9yrrFTrEEqVsWjrmlK2vLmRCka9R0GoddSbWpIFqs9mt43GUUDhqw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20201006T195311Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=299&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYYAT4RQRX%2F20201006%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=1a22c66cef8ef27cb3b794be487c45cc94da6e0372ec4bc03c8bfb4de71489f4&hash=b3e102a391188a3dff68e3b2b447d4037e3a94314a67312134b3474aa27d2692&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=0169023X93900049&tid=spdf-96200c4c-7c9b-4607-b914-dca51e233dd8&sid=486d779f37b05542706a4e676167ccab2c3agxrqa&type=client
